Все нужные выражения для успешного написания эссе по английскому языку

Основная часть
Вне зависимости от темы, количества аргументов - вот несколько общих полезных фраз и выражений:

◊ In order to - для того чтобы
Пример: “In order to do this, you need first to understand that.”

◊ In other words - другими словами
Пример: “These were people who fought for money – mercenaries, in other words.”

◊ To put it another way
Эта фраза является еще одним способом сказать "другими словами" и может быть использована в особенно сложных моментах, когда вы чувствуете, что альтернативный и, возможно, более простой способ формулировки может расставить необходимые акценты или помочь читателю лучше понять суть.

Пример: “That decision will be the one which is least morally objectionable, or, to put it another way, involves least disrespect for the values which figure in the case.”

◊That is to say - иначе говоря
“That is” and “that is to say”
Пример: “Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.”

◊ To that end - в этой связи
Используйте "to that end" или "to this end" так же, как и "in order to" и “so".
Пример: “Their principal device to that end is to search out groups who pant and pine for something they can't get and to promise to give it to them.”

Дополнения или более академичные синонимы союза “and”

◊ Moreover - более того
Пример: “He was inspirited, moreover, by the attitude of his friends.”

◊ Furthermore - кроме того
Пример: “As far as I am concerned, that sort of equipment should be absolutely standard for every prison officer and, furthermore, I would give them Tasers.”

◊ What’s more - также
Пример: “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that she is guilty.”

◊ Likewise - аналогичным образом
Пример: “The species can serve as sources of hydrogen or electrons and likewise participate in redox reactions as reductants.”

◊ Similarly - таким же образом
Пример:“ There is a similarly fat chance of us accepting the other unquestioned assumptions underpinning misanthropic doom-mongering about health.”

◊ Another key thing to remember - еще один важный момент, о котором следует помнить
Используйте фразу "another key point to remember" или "another key fact to remember”, как синоним “also".

◊ As well as - а также
Пример: “We serve drinks as well as light meals at lunchtime.”

◊ Not only… but also - не только... но и
Пример: “The Old Masters owed their designation not only to superlative technique but also to their ability to represent the right subject.”

◊ Coupled with - в сочетании с
Пример: “His experience, coupled with his personal traits, makes him a great boss.”

◊ Firstly, secondly, thirdly… - во-первых, во-вторых, в-третьих...
Пример: “Firstly I don't feel either tactic would work, and secondly I think the price is still too low.”

◊ Not to mention/to say nothing of - не говоря уже о том, что
Пример: “ I have a very critical view about socialism, to say nothing of Leninism and Stalinism, but I have a great love for the Soviet Union.”

Слова и фразы для сравнений, противопоставлений и описания “за” и “против”

Advantages – Benefits – Positive Sides
Disadvantages – Drawbacks – Negative Sides
При написании эссе вам часто необходимо описывать преимущества и недостатки какого-либо метода, способа, технологии и т.п., поэтому, ниже мы рассмотрим слова и фразы, которые можно использовать вместо "but" в таких ситуациях.

◊ However - однако / тем не менее
Пример: “It was raining; however, I decided to take a walk.”

◊ On the other hand - тем не менее / с другой стороны
Пример: “On the one hand, this noble metal facilitates the chemical reaction that produces electricity, but on the other hand it is very expensive.”

◊ Having said that - при этом
Пример: “Obviously with sport parachuting there is a risk, having said that, for a novice to be killed is very unusual.”

◊ By contrast/in comparison/in contrast - в отличие от / по сравнению
Пример: “The rules and strategies of cricket, baseball, rugby and American football, by contrast, are less straightforward.”
“It is entertaining to read but seems rather trivial in comparison with its predecessor.”
“In contrast to evidence which presents the view that ... an alternative perspective illustrates that ...

◊ Then again - опять же
Пример: “It would read even faster had he paragraphed the dialogue out, but then again, that would have doubled the length of an already weighty book.”

◊ That said - опять же/при этом
Пример: “He seemed like a really nice guy, but then again that didn't necessarily mean he was a good judge of character.”

◊ While - в то время как
Пример: While, not all research shows that ... some evidence agrees that ...

◊ Yet - и все же
Пример: “The Government rightly says that cancer is a national priority, yet the system that's expected to deliver it is too fragmented.”

◊ Despite this - несмотря на это
Пример: “Despite this, he is already very independent.”

◊ With this in mind - учитывая это
Пример: “Our aim is to inform you not to irritate, with this in mind, our publication will now be send twice monthly.”

◊ Provided that - при условии, что / если только
Пример: “He is willing to give the formula for free to any country that asks, provided that they agree to lay down their arms and live in peace.”

◊ In view of/in light of - в свете этого (этих событий)
Пример: “In light of the data from the previous studies, we are arranging a new clinical trial.”

◊ Nonetheless - тем не менее / но все же
Пример: “It is difficult, but we must try to solve this problem nonetheless.”

◊ Nevertheless - тем не менее / всё-таки
Пример: “The study has some limitations, nevertheless it was adding a crucial information…”

◊ Notwithstanding - несмотря на
Пример: “Notwithstanding the agreement, no one came.”

Приводим примеры в защиту своей точки зрения: не используем “for example” или как сказать “особенно”, “в частности”, “примечательно”

◊ For instance
Пример: “Under this general law, for instance, one way babies become adoptable is by the consent of their biological parents.”

◊ To give an illustration
Пример: “To give an illustration of my point of view, let’s imagine that…”

◊ Persuasive
Пример: “This seems to me to be the most persuasive argument for …”

◊ Compelling
Пример: “The most compelling argument is presented by A.”

◊ Significantly
Пример: “Significantly, another angle on this debate suggests that ...”

◊ Notably
Пример: “The tax reforms affect many people, notably entrepreneurs.”

◊ Importantly
Пример: “Importantly, it will require market research firms to develop a new vocabulary and new sensibility.”

В заключении или не “To sum up”
В конце вам нужно подвести итог всему, о чем вы говорили, показать, что вы рассмотрели аргументы с обеих сторон и пришли к наиболее вероятному выводу. Вот несколько слов и фраз, которые помогут вам в этом.

◊ In conclusion
Пример: “In conclusion, the evidence points …”

◊ Above all
Пример: “Above all, it seems pertinent to remember that…”

◊ All things considered
Пример: “All things considered, it seems reasonable to assume that…”

◊ Clearly
Пример: “Clearly, this essay has shown that the main factors which impact upon”

◊ To conclude
Пример: “To conclude, this assignment has addressed a number of significant issues which show that”

◊ To draw to a close
Пример: “To draw to a close, the evidence presented in this assignment has shown that…”